Steering Systems Comparison: Shifting from Electric to Hydraulic Power
In the ever-evolving world of automotive technology, understanding both traditional hydraulic power steering (HPS) and modern electric power steering (EPS) is becoming increasingly important for mechanic trainees and professionals alike.
Hydraulic power steering (HPS), a mainstay in the industry for decades, uses an engine-driven pump to circulate pressurized fluid to a steering gear. This assists in turning the wheels by moving pistons within the steering gear. HPS systems offer a smooth, natural steering feel but have drawbacks such as fluid leaks, worn hoses, and pump failures. Repair training focuses on fluid management, pump servicing, and mechanical valve and piston repairs.
On the other hand, Electric power steering (EPS) replaces hydraulic components with an electric motor that provides steering assistance only when needed. This improves fuel efficiency since it does not constantly draw power from the engine. EPS has simpler mechanical parts but includes critical electronic components and sensors, requiring training in electronic diagnostics, motor replacement, and software configurations. EPS eliminates fluid leakage risks and maintains steering assist even if the engine stalls.
The key differences between the two systems are centered on their operational principles, components, efficiency, maintenance demands, and diagnostic approaches. HPS is mechanically complex with fluid dynamics, while EPS is electronically complex and requires knowledge of vehicle electronics. HPS requires regular maintenance to monitor fluid levels and check for leaks, whereas EPS focuses on electronic diagnostics, motor function, and control software.
As the industry trends towards wider adoption of EPS, especially with the rise of electric and hybrid vehicles, mastering both hydraulic and electric steering systems will set you apart as a capable, adaptable technician. You might repair a hydraulic system in the morning and troubleshoot an EPS fault in a newer model that afternoon.
ATC Surrey's auto mechanic training program provides hands-on experience with a wide range of systems, preparing you to work confidently in any automotive repair environment. Their training covers fluid inspection and replacement for hydraulic systems, electrical diagnostics for EPS components, steering angle sensor calibration, and safety protocols for handling electronic systems.
While hydraulic systems aren't going away entirely, as many heavy-duty vehicles and trucks continue to use them for their durability and performance in demanding conditions, the shift towards EPS is undeniable. EPS offers advantages like reduced weight, lower maintenance requirements, and improved fuel efficiency. It also enables advanced features like speed-dependent steering assistance and integration with autonomous driving systems (by-wire steering), shifting mechanic skills towards electrical and computer system troubleshooting.
In summary, becoming a mechanic requires mastering both hydraulic and electric steering systems to be a valuable hire in the automotive industry. Contact ATC Surrey for more information about their auto mechanic training program.
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